硫氮比对废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联功能茵的影响

从废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联反应器中分离到了2株同步脱氮除硫功能菌--荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)和铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa).在pH 7.0,温度30℃,无供氧,培养时间2 d的条件下进行了2株功能菌纯培养的同步脱氮除硫效果试验,研究了不同硫氮比对同步脱...     

厦门春季 PM10中PAHs成分谱特征及其与气象要素相关性分析

为了研究厦门春季市区与郊区PM10中PAHs的污染状况和分布特征,利用GC-MS分析了2013年4月11~21日日间和夜间分别在厦门市、郊两地采集的气溶胶样品,并得到了厦门市区和郊区18种PAHs的浓度,研究得出厦门郊区ΣPAHs昼夜变化比市区小,市区的白天是夜间的1.83倍,并且PAHs的浓度仍然是低于国家的环境标准的.在不同的时间和空间尺度下,ΣPAHs均呈双峰型分布,市区和郊区昼、夜的PAHs组分均以中低环PAHs为主,高环PAHs随着粒径的增大而逐渐减小,而低环PAHs所占比例逐渐增大,市区的PM10中2~4环PAHs粒径的昼、夜分布有很大差异,而5~7环差异不大.并用DR方法分析了PAHs的来源,得出厦门春季市区和郊区PAHs的主要贡献源为汽油、柴油的燃烧和冶炼厂的熔炉排放的废气.在采样期间,郊区ΣPAHs浓度与温度、风向呈负相关关系,与能见度和风速呈正相关关系,而市区的ΣPAHs浓度除白天与温度的相关性跟郊区相同外,与其他气象要素的相关性和郊区基本相反.     

Impact of municipal solid waste incineration on heavy metals in the surrounding soils by multivariate analysis and lead isotope analysis

Municipal solid waste(MSW) incineration has become an important anthropogenic source of heavy metals(HMs) to the environment. However, assessing the impact of MSW incineration on HMs in the environment, especially soils, can be a challenging task because of various HM sources. To investigate the effect of MSW incineration on HMs in soils, soil samples collected at different distances from four MSW incinerators in Shanghai, China were analyzed for their contents of eight HMs(antimony, cadmium, chromium, copper,lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc) and lead(Pb) isotope ratios. Source identification and apportionment of HMs were accomplished using principal component analysis and Pb isotope analysis. Results indicated that the relatively high contents of cadmium, lead,antimony, and zinc in the soils at 250 m and 750–1250 m away from the MSW incinerators were related to MSW incineration, while the elevated contents of the other four HMs were associated with other anthropogenic activities. Based on Pb isotope analysis, the contribution ratio of MSW incineration(which had been operated for more than 14 years)to the accumulation of Pb in soil was approximately 10% on average, which was lower than coal combustion only. Incinerator emissions of Pb could have a measurable effect on the soil contamination within a limited area(≤1500 m).     

酸性硫酸盐土的景观诊断及时空分布与演替模式

酸性硫酸盐土的发育与分布存在着较大的时空变异,表现为空问分布的不连续性、发育时间的间断性、环境影响的级联性以及开发利用的风险性,因此往往给实际利用带来较大的困难。本文对酸性硫酸盐士的形成与发育特点、野外景观生态诊断以及酸性硫酸盐土的时空分布与演替模式等方面进行探讨,旨在使人们正确地认识酸性硫酸盐土,以便更有效地利用这类土地资源。     

Re-examining the water affordability: A comparison of alternative measures

Water affordability is determined by the percentage of income households that must allocate to municipal water services, while factoring in essential or basic needs water use. With the rise in water prices reported in most areas of the country along with somewhat stagnant income growth—a combination that suggests ceteris paribus—more of a household's disposable income is being spent on water services. This paper adds to the discussion in three ways. First, given the lack of a consistent definition for “affordability” and the subjective connotation associated with such a term, we develop and compare five different water expenditure ratios, including two different measures of water for essential needs, as well as measures for indoor, efficient, and actual water use. Second, because of the granularity of our data, we illustrate how such “affordability” measures can vary significantly within a water district and thus highlight how using district- or county-level income measures can mask the degree to which affordability is an issue for households living in low-income block groups. Our results indicate that the choice of income measure and type of water service use can influence affordability measures substantially.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测锌的研究

研究了石墨炉原子吸收法在锌的次灵敏特征谱线测定锌的方法 ,并与火焰原子吸收法做比较。